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皮膚科常用藥物:懷孕藥品風險分類等級--孕婦用藥安全須知
皮膚科 王修含 醫師
有相當多的藥物,在懷孕時使用,有可能影響胎兒的成長與安全,因此孕婦使用藥物時必須非常注意,例如口服維他命A酸,會造成胎兒的畸形,所以使用時必須避孕;又如用於治療雄性禿的口服藥菲那雄胺(finasteride),也會造成畸胎,但有些人會將此藥物切割使用,此時須注意不可讓孕婦接觸此藥物的粉末。
有相當多的藥物,在懷孕時使用,有可能影響胎兒的成長與安全,因此孕婦使用藥物時必須非常注意,例如口服維他命A酸,會造成胎兒的畸形,所以使用時必須避孕;又如用於治療雄性禿的口服藥菲那雄胺(finasteride),也會造成畸胎,但有些人會將此藥物切割使用,此時須注意不可讓孕婦接觸此藥物的粉末。
懷孕藥品風險分類等級
美國FDA基於懷孕用藥的安全性,將懷孕藥品分為下列五級(詳細定義附於文後),目前台灣在開立孕婦使用的藥物時,亦多參考此分類:A級藥品:安全
B級藥品:可能安全
C級藥品:避免使用(對胎兒的影響尚不清楚),除非治療上的好處大於風險
D級藥品:避免使用(已證實對胎兒有危險),除非治療上的利益大於風險
X級藥品:致畸胎性(Teratogenicity)
懷孕藥品風險分類等級是很嚴謹的,在妥善設計的研究下,
在動物實驗找不到對胎兒有害的證據,或是對懷孕婦女的對照研究中,無法證明對於胎兒的危險性,才評定為B級藥物,例如常用來治療粉刺、痤瘡(青春痘),並可淡化色素的杜鵑花酸。
被評定為C級的藥物,例如大部份的外用類固醇藥物,只是
如果評定為D級藥物,例如消毒用的優碘,表示確實有證據支持對胎兒的危險性,但治療的利益可能大於潛在的危險性,所以還是可以選擇性
(註:其實對於孕婦的皮膚消毒,筆者會選擇使用chlorhex
若被評定為X級藥物,例如口服A酸,表示此藥會造成胚胎異常(畸胎),藥物導致的傷害遠大於它的效益,因此禁用於已經或可能懷孕的婦女。
各級皮膚科常用藥物列表:
皮膚科常用藥物甚多,在此以台大醫院皮膚科常用藥物為例,說明各種皮膚科用藥的懷孕用藥分類等級:
(藥物資料來源:台大醫院藥劑部提供)
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學名 | 懷孕分級 | 藥品中文名稱 | 商品名 |
Acitretin | X | 新定康癬膠囊10公絲 | Neotigason Capsule 10 mg/cap |
Acitretin | X | 新定康癬膠囊25公絲 | Neotigason Capsule 25 mg/cap |
Acyclovir | B | 熱威樂素乳膏劑 | Zovirax Cream 5% 2 g/tube |
Adapalene | C | 痘膚潤凝膠 | Differin Gel 0.1%, 15 g/tube |
Aluminum Hydroxychloride and Cetrimide | 無資料 | 治汗樂乳膏 | Joyla Cream 15 g/tube |
Amorolfine HCl | B3(澳洲分類,相當於美國的B級) | 樂指利抗甲癬油劑 | Loceryl Nail Lacquer 5% 3 mL/btl |
Azelaic Acid | B | 思麗安乳膏 | Skinoren Cream Micronized azelaic acid 20% in a cream vehicle, 30 g/tube |
Benzoyl Peroxide | C | 泛娜五號凝膠 | PanOxyl 5 Acne Gel 5%, 6 g/tube (停產) |
Benzoyl Peroxide | C | 雅若凝膠 | Aczo Gel 50 mg/g 10 g/tube |
Benzyl Benzoate Lotion | 無資料 | 利蝨洗液 | B B Lotion 25% v/v, 100 mL/btl |
Betamethasone Dipropionate | C | 舒膚通膠液(貝他每松二丙酸鹽) | Septon Sol 0.064%, 10 g/btl |
Betamethasone Dipropionate | C | 舒膚通乳膏 | Septon Cream 0.064% 5 g/tube (停產) |
Betamethasone Valerate | C | 臨得隆-V藥霜0.06% | Rinderon-V Cream 0.06% 5 g/tube |
Boric Acid | 無資料 | B.A. Solution 2%, 2 L/btl | |
C.B. Strong Ointment | 無資料 | 強力施美藥膏 | C.B. Strong Ointment 5 g/tube |
Cadexomer Iodine | 無資料 | 愛得寶外用撒希散 | Iodosorb Powder 0.9% Iodine (w/w), 3 g/pack |
Calamine Lotion with Menthol and Phenol | 無資料 | 美膚可樂洗劑 | Menphencala Lotion 100 mL/btl |
Calcipotriene | C | 得膚寧軟膏 | Daivonex Ointment 0.005%, 30 g/tube |
Calcipotriene | C | 得膚寧頭皮液劑 | Daivonex Scalp Solution 0.005% 30 mL/btl (DC) |
Calcipotriol hydrate & Betamethasone dipropionate | C | 得膚寶軟膏劑 | Daivobet ointment 30 g/tube (calcipotriol hydrate 50 mcg/g & betamethasone dipropionate 0.5 mg/g ) |
Calcipotriol Hydrate, Betamethasone Dipropionate | 無資料 | 絲玫歐凝膠 | Xamiol Gel 30 g/btl |
Calcitriol | C | 施革欣軟膏 | Silkis Ointment 3 mcg/g, 30 g/tube |
Chloramphenicol Ointment | C | 速癒軟膏 | C.P. Ointment 10 mg/g, 5 g/tube |
Chlorhexidine Gluconate | B | @ 克羅淨 濃液劑 5% | @ Kilgerm Concentrate 5% 5 L/btl |
Chlorhexidine Gluconate | B | 希必定濃液劑 | @ Hibitane Concentrate Solution 5% 5 L/btl |
Chlorhexidine Gluconate | B | 希必潔外用液 | Hibiscrub 4% with Detergent 5 L/btl |
Chlorhexidine Gluconate | 無資料 | 克菌寧殺菌液2% | @ Easy Antiseptic Liquid 2% (20 mg/mL) 200 mL/btl |
Chlorhexidine gluconate 1% & Ethyl alcohol 61% (w/w) | 無資料 | @ 3M 快速乾式刷手液 | @ 3M Avagard 500 mL/btl, Chlorhexidine gluconate 1% & Ethyl alcohol 61% w/w |
Clindamycin Phosphate | B | 麗歐迅外用液 | Cleocin T Topical Solution 1% 30 mL/btl |
Clobetasol Propionate | C | 戴摩膚乳膏0.05% | Dermovate Ointment 0.05% 25 g/tube |
Coal Tar | C | 保麗娜液 | Polytar Liquid 150 mL/btl |
Coal Tar and Salicylic Acid Ointment | C | 希體舒軟膏 | Coal Tar and Salicylic Acid Ointment |
Crotamiton and Hydrocortisone | 無資料 | 悠力素乳膏 | Ulex Cream 10 g/tube |
Cyclosporine | C | 新體睦靜脈輸注濃縮液 | Sandimmun Concentrate for IF 50 mg/1 mL/amp |
Cyclosporine | C | 新體睦軟膠囊100公絲 | Sandimmun Neoral Capsule 100 mg/cap |
Cyclosporine | C | 新體睦軟膠囊 25公絲 | Sandimmun Neoral Capsule 25 mg/cap |
Cyclosporine | C | 新體睦口服溶液 | Sandimmun Neoral Oral Solution 100 mg/mL, 50 mL/btl |
Desoximetasone | C | 拭皮爽軟膏0.25% | Esperson Ointment 0.25% 5 g/tube |
Dimethyl Sulfoxide | C | 二甲亞碸(二甲基亞碸 ) | @ Dimethyl Sulfoxide (meets USP testing specifications) 500 mL/btl (DMSO) |
Dimethyl Sulfoxide | C | 二甲亞碸(二甲基亞碸 ) | @ Dimethyl Sulfoxide (meets USP testing specifications) 25 mL/btl (DMSO) |
Doxepin HCl | B | 普膚乳膏 | Ichderm Cream 5% 15 g/tube |
Finasteride | X | 柔沛膜衣錠 | Propecia F.C. Tablet 1 mg/tab |
Fluocinolone acetonide, Hydroquinone, Tretinoin | C | 汰膚斑乳膏 | Tri-Luma Cream 15 g/tube (Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, Hydroquinone 4%, Tretinoin 0.05% ) |
Fluocinonide | C | 妥膚淨洗劑(氟欣諾能) | Topsym Lotion 0.05% 10 g/btl |
Fluocinonide | C | 妥膚淨親水軟膏(氟欣諾能) | Topsym Cream 0.05% 10g/tube |
Fluorouracil | X | 宜膚滌(DC) | Efudix Cream 5% 20 g/tube(DC) |
Fluticasone Propionate | C | 克廷膚乳膏0.05% | Cutivate Cream 0.05% 5 g/tube |
Fusidic Acid | C | 膚即淨乳膏 | Fucidin Cream 2% 5 g/tube |
Gentian Violet | C | 紫藥水 | G.V. Solution 0.1% in 10% alcohol 100 mL/btl |
Gentian Violet | C | 紫藥水 | G.V. Solution 1% 10 mL/vial |
Gentian Violet | C | 紫藥水 | @ G.V. Solution 0.1% in 10% alcohol 10 mL/btl |
Hydrocortisone Acetate | C | 皮質醇軟膏1% | Cort. S. Ointment 1% 50 g/box |
Hydroquinone | C | 嘉芙康軟膏 | Shines Cream 4% 10 g/tube |
Imiquimod | B | 樂得美乳膏 | Aldara Cream 5% 250 mg/packet |
Iodoform | D | 愛得寶外用撒布散 | Iodoform |
Isopropyl Alcohol | 無資料 | So Easy liquid 0.75% | |
Isotretinoin | X | 羅可坦軟膠囊 | Roaccutane Capsule 10 mg/cap |
Isotretinoin | X | (兒癌基金會) 羅可坦軟膠囊 | (兒癌基金會) Roaccutane Capsule 20 mg/cap |
Lidocaine | B | 遠疼貼貼片 | Lidopat Patch 5% 700 mg/patch |
Lidocaine and Prilocaine | 無資料 | 安麻樂乳膏5% | EMLA cream lidocaine 2.5% & prilocaine 2.5% 5 g/tube |
Lidocaine and Prilocaine | 無資料 | (兒癌基金會) 安麻樂乳膏5% | (兒癌基金會) EMLA cream lidocaine 2.5% & prilocaine 2.5% 5 g/tube |
Menthol and Camphor in Skin Lotion | 無資料 | (自費) 睦康膚洗劑 | (Cash) M.C. Skin Lotion 60 mL/btl |
Menthol and Camphor in Skin Lotion | 無資料 | 睦康膚洗劑 | M.C. Skin Lotion 60 mL/btl |
Methoxsalen | C | 速立寧膜衣錠 | Sorialen F.C. Tablet 10 mg/tab |
Methoxsalen | C | 優可舒軟膠囊10公絲 | Oxsoralen-ultra Capsule 10 mg/cap |
Metronidazole | B | 柔潔凝膠 | Metrogel 0.75% 15 g/tube |
Minoxidil | C | 昇髮密碼養髮液2% | Minoxidil Solution 2% 60 mL/btl |
Mupirocin | B | 百多邦黴素軟膏 | Bactroban Ointment, Mupirocin 2% in a polyethylene glycol base, 15 g/tube |
Neomycin and Trypsin | 無資料 | 速備粉 | Shielin Powder 10 g/btl |
Pimecrolimus | C | 醫立妥乳膏 | Elidel 1% Cream, 10 g/tube |
Polytar Emollient | C | 普麗液 | Polytar Emollient 350 mL/btl |
Polytar Emollient | C | 普麗液 (DC) | Polytar Emollient 50 mL/btl (DC) |
Povidone Iodine | D | 優碘藥水(普威隆碘) | Better-Iodine Aqueous Solution 10% 100 mL/btl |
Povidone Iodine | D | 必達淨軟膏 | Betadine Ointment 10% 20g/tube |
Povidone Iodine | D | 優碘軟膏(普威隆碘) | Better Iodine Ointment 10% 10g/tube |
Povidone Iodine | D | 普淨殺菌消毒液100公絲/公撮 | Povidone Iodine Alcoholic Solution 10% 100 mL/btl |
Povidone Iodine | D | 普淨殺菌消毒液 | Povidone Iodine Alcoholic Solution 10% 500 mL/btl |
Povidone Iodine | D | 金碘藥水(普威隆碘) | Sindine Solution 10% 500 mL/btl |
Povidone Iodine | D | 外科用優碘擦洗液(普威隆碘) | Betadine Iodine 7.5% 1 Gall |
Povidone Iodine | D | 優碘藥水(普威隆碘) | Better-Iodine Aqueous Solution 10% 500 mL/btl |
Povidone Iodine | D | 必達淨軟膏 | Betadine Ointment 10% 250 g/btl |
Povidone Iodine | D | Betadine Ointment 10% 450 g | |
Povidone Iodine | D | 百潔碘藥水 | Biodyne Aqueous Solution10% 500 mL/btl |
Povidone Iodine | 無資料 | 金碘藥水(普威隆碘) | Sindine Solution 10% 200 mL/btl |
Povidone Iodine | 無資料 | 未知 | 未知(Biodyne Aqueous Solution), 200 mL/btl |
Povidone Iodine Alcoholic Solution | 無資料 | 金碘酒精液(普威隆碘) | Sindine Alcoholic Solution10% 200 mL/btl |
Precipitated Sulfur | 無資料 | 愛顏洗劑 | Acne Lotion 4% 100 mL/btl |
Salicylic Acid and Benzoic Acid | C | 速必舒軟膏 | Salicylic Acid and Benzoic Acid Ointment (S.B.S) 30 g/box |
Salicylic Acid and Lactic Acid | C | 治疣液 | Duofilm Liquid salicylic acid 16.7% and lactic acid 16.7% in flexible collodion, 15 mL/btl |
Salicylic Acid Ointment | C | 速立康軟膏 | Salic Ointment Salicylic acid 2.5% in neoselin, 10 g/tube |
Salicylic Acid, Iodine, Potassium Iodine | 無資料 | 碘楊酸外用液劑〝寶齡〞 | I.S.A. Spirit 30 mL/btl (Each ml contains: KI 12 mg, IODINE: 10 mg, SALICYLIC ACID: 50 mg) |
Sertaconazole Nitrate | C | 達來乳膏 | Zalain Cream 2% 15 g/tube |
Silver Nitrate | 無資料 | 硝酸銀溶液 | AgNO3 Solution 20% |
Silver Nitrate | 無資料 | 硝酸銀溶液 | @ AgNO3 Solution 20% 10 mL/btl |
Silver Sulfadiazine | B | 膚美淨軟膏 | Flamazine Cream 1% 500 g/box |
Silver Sulfadiazine | B | 灼膚星乳膏 | Sulfasil Cream 1% 50 g/tube |
Sulconazole Nitrate | C | 優足達親水軟膏 | Exelderm Cream 1%, 5 g/tube |
Tacrolimus | C | 普特皮軟膏 0.1% | Protopic Ointment 0.1% 5 g/tube |
Tacrolimus | C | 普特皮軟膏 0.03% | Protopic Ointment 0.03% 5 g/tube |
Tazarotene | X | 羅膚格外用乳膏劑 | Zorac Topical Cream 0.1% 30 g/tube |
Tolnaftate | 無資料 | 保濕康膠漿 | Pasca Gel tolnaftate 2%, and methylsalicylate 2% in a gel vehicle containing carbomer, macrogol 400, ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, triisopropanolamine and purified water, 10 g/tube |
Tretinoin | C | 特蒂樂乳膏 | Tretinoin Cream 0.1%, 5 g/tube |
Tretinoin | C | 愛膚露霜劑 | Airol Vanishing Cream 0.05%, 20 g/tube (停產) |
Urea | C | 杏化乳膏 | Sinpharderm Cream 10%, 30 g/box |
Ustekinumab | B | (無) | <專>免費 Stelara Injection 45 mg /0.5mL/syringe |
Ustekinumab | B | (無) | <專> (自費) Stelara Injection 45 mg /0.5mL/syringe |
Zinc Oxide | A | 氧化鋅軟膏 | Zinc Oxide Ointment 20% 28.4 g/tube |
Zinc Undecylenate 20%, Undecylenic Acid 5% | 無資料 | 克濕淨藥膏 | Kesezine Ointment 20 g/tube |
級別 Category | 定義/描述 Definition/Description |
A | 針對懷孕婦女妥善設計,且有對照組的研究中,無法證明使用此藥會增高胎兒異常的危險。 Adequate, well-controlled studies in pregnant women have not shown an increased risk of fetal abnormalities. |
B | 動物試驗的結果顯示,並無對胎兒有害的證據,但缺乏針對懷孕婦女進行妥善設計且有對照組的研究。(Animal studies have revealed no evidence of harm to the fetus, however, there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.) 或(or) 雖然動物試驗顯示對胚胎有不良作用,但針對懷孕婦女的對照研究中,無法證明對於胎兒的危險性。(Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus.) |
C | 動物試驗顯示對胚胎有不良作用,但缺乏針對人類懷孕婦女妥善設計且有對照組的研究。(Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.) 或(or) 針對動物或人類懷孕婦女,目前缺乏妥善設計且有對照組的研究,可證明此藥物的危險性。(No animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.) |
D | 針對孕婦的控制實驗或觀察研究中,已證實此藥對胎兒有危險性。但在考量利弊得失下,此藥對於治療的利益可能大於潛在的危險性。 Studies, adequate well-controlled or observational, in pregnant women have demonstrated a risk to the fetus. However, the benefits of therapy may outweigh the potential risk. |
X | 針對動物或孕婦的控制實驗或觀察研究中,已顯示此藥會造成胚胎異常,而且禁用於已經或可能懷孕的婦女。(註:藥物導致的傷害大於可能的利益) Studies, adequate well-controlled or observational, in animals or pregnant women have demonstrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities. The use of the product is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. |
註:本表懷孕藥物分類(US FDA Pregnancy category definitions),原文引用自美國FDA網站:
http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/2001/301_preg.html
延伸閱讀:
懷孕藥品風險分類A級的安全藥物 http://www.skin168.net/2012/03/drugs-pregnancy-category.html
懷孕藥品風險分類B級的藥物 http://www.skin168.net/2012/03/drugs-pregnancy-category-b.html
懷孕藥品風險分類B級的藥物 http://www.skin168.net/2012/03/drugs-pregnancy-category-b.html
懷孕藥物分類(US FDA Pregnancy category definitions) http://skin168.pixnet.net/blog/post/102299041
【本站文章版權所有,歡迎非商業性「部份」轉載(請勿全文轉載),轉載請註明作者姓名標示(皮膚科王修含醫師)與出處(skin168.net/ skin168.com/ skin168.org),禁止更動內文,並提供有效的本站超連結。】
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